This paper aims to investigate the effect of the gross domestic product growth rate on inflation in these four selected ASEAN countries. This study is worthy as there is a need to understand the variance of national inflation for these ASEAN countries, particularly when Singapore's inflation...

The study is carried out with the objective of testing the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) at the semistrong form level. As such, the study employs two publicly available data variables – the exchange rate (RM/USD) and short-term interest rate as proxied by the overnight policy rate (OPR)....

This study aims to investigate the effects of crude oil price (COP) and base rate (BR) on the strength of the Ringgit (RM) against the US Dollar (USD). Within the framework of the international Fisher effect theory, the study employs yearly data from the Bloomberg Database over an observed...

Around three million pensioners receive the Indonesian civil service pension benefit. This benefit is the main source of income for the majority of civil service pensioners. This paper examines the adequacy of this pension benefit from the perspective of pensioners in Kapuas Regency. Through...

The process of making ethical judgments is much more complex than studying only personal moral philosophy variables (idealism and relativism). The renewed interest in epistemic values (virtue and vice epistemology) in contemporary philosophy has shown significant relevance to understanding...