Nordrhein-Westfalen ist wie das gesamte Land massiv von den Auswirkungen der Corona-Krise betroffen. Während die Verbreitung der Erkrankung spürbar zurückgeht, befindet sich die Wirtschaft weiterhin in der tiefsten Rezession in der Geschichte des Landes. Zur Stabilisierung der...

"This outlook provides a focused assessment of the state of public capital in the major European countries and identifies areas where public investment could contribute more to stable and sustainable growth. A European Public Investment Outlook brings together contributions from a range of...

Scholars in economics and political science argue that one major function of government is to overcome coordination failure in economic development, especially during times of rapid environmental changes. But, how and through what means does the state coordinate firms to follow the changing...

This chapter explores the tools available to policy-makers in small developing countries, to ensure balance in the short run and growth in the long run. Our point of departure is the "Washington consensus", including policies for fiscal reform, exchange rate adjustment, trade liberalization,...

The lack of growth response to "Washington Consensus" policy reforms in the 1980s and 1990s led to widespread doubts about the value of such reforms. This paper updates these stylized facts by analyzing moderate to extreme levels of inflation, black market premiums, currency overvaluation,...