This Policy Brief proposes the establishment of an agreement on conformity assessment between the EU and the US that covers machinery and electrical equipment. The initiative aims to increase the number of European and US conformity assessment bodies authorized to test and certify EU and US...

This contribution focuses on three aspects of interpretation of investment treaties in which the time element plays an important role. First, it deals with the possibility that a term used in a treaty is capable of evolving over time and its role in investment law. Second, it deals with...

The Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) is a multilateral agreement signed in 1994, designed to promote energy cooperation among its member states. The treaty establishes a legal framework for the protection and promotion of foreign investments in the energy sector, as well as the liberalization of...

This case provides presents an abbreviated Limited Partnership Agreement for a global growth capital fund. The full legal document, normally about 200 pages long, has been boiled down to its essential parts. This case study can be used as a basis for a role play in which participants are split...

Halting the ongoing global loss of biodiversity will require extensive phase-out of harmful production. A significant share of the affected production will be foreign-owned, and can therefore potentially be covered by investment treaties. These treaties are sometimes alleged to dissuade host...