In recent years, there has been a fast growth in the application of long-memory processes to underlying assets including stock, volatility index, exchange rate, etc. The fractional Brownian motion is the most popular of the long-memory processes and was introduced by Kolmogorov in 1940 and later...

Background When pairwise comparisons are used to express preferences for alternatives or judgments on criteria's importance, several methods can be used to derive priorities in multi-criteria decision-making. In the case of inconsistency, different methods give different results. Objectives The...

We propose a data-based approximation of the effects of trade sanctions. We validate the approximation by comparing it with exact responses simulated from a canonical multi-country multi-sector model. The approximation is palatable for a broad range of elasticities of substitution, except for...