The Treaty of Rome, whose eighty-fifth article forbade agreements with the purpose of fixing prices or stifling competition, served as the first vehicle for the introduction of competition law into the Economic Community of Europe. The European Competition Commission was given guidance in using...

The Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission are considering changes to the Horizontal and Vertical Merger Guidelines and have asked whether the current guidelines “underemphasize or neglect … potential competition.” Whether potential competition is underemphasized in the merger...

The CCI approved a total of 76 combinations (and additional 21 combinations under the ‘Green Channel’ route) between January 2020 and March 2021, despite the Indian economy being affected by the nationwide and other lockdowns imposed in light of the COVID-19 threat from time to time. Based...

We document the effects of a comprehensive set of US retail mergers. On average, prices increase by 1.5% and quantities decrease by 2.3%, with significant heterogeneity in outcomes across mergers. Price changes correlate with the screens codified in the Horizontal Merger Guidelines. Through a...