Showing 1 - 10 of 174
This study uses loan-level data on syndicated lending to a large sample of developing countries between 1993 and 2017 to estimate the mobilization effects of multilateral development banks (MDBs), that is, their ability to crowd-in capital from private creditors. Controlling for a large set of...
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Adequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in health care facilities plays a critical role in ensuring improved …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012059014
This paper provides an overview of research on out-of-pocket health expenditures, reviewing the various summary measures and the results of multi-country studies using these measures. The paper presents estimates for 146 countries from all World Bank income groups for all summary measures, along...
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This paper explores the investments needed to achieve universal access to electricity in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2030, and the additional operation and maintenance costs these investments entail. It also explores the drivers of these costs, by exploring hundreds of scenarios that combine...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012007967
Groundwater currently provides 98 percent of all the drinking water supply in Bangladesh. Groundwater is found … throughout Bangladesh but its quality (that is, arsenic and salinity contamination) and quantity (that is, water storage …. Yet, no national-scale, multi-hazard groundwater risk maps currently exist enabling water resource managers and policy …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012059008
This paper presents a review of studies that estimate the cost of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Although the Sustainable Development Goals provide useful benchmarks for fiscal authorities and donors, typical cross-country costing exercises can be misleading, for a variety of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012229769
Vulnerability to climate change and water scarcity is increasing globally. How this affects individual employment …-Saharan Africa over from 2005 to 2018, this paper examines the causal relationship between water availability and labor market … rainfall and temperature on water availability. The findings suggest that extremely dry periods decrease employment by 2 …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015046016
economy. This study examines how water infrastructure copes with severe weather fluctuations and analyzes the effect of … unreliable water supplies on the productivity of manufacturing firms, focusing predominately on firms in developing economies … to higher water outages, and that the overall impact is driven by the effects of drought on low-income and lower …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012002261
population. This study uncovers the effect of poor water infrastructure on the productivity of informal firms. This is achieved … standard deviation of the total duration of water shortages in a month can lead to annual average losses of about 14.5 percent … of the monthly sales per worker for the average informal firm in the sample that uses water for business activities …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012114443
The Sustainable Development Goals recently adopted by the United Nations represent an important step to identify shared global goals for development over the next two decades. Yet, the stated goals are not as straightforward and easy to interpret as they appear on the surface. Review of the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012022362