Nitrogen (N) fertilizer has been excessively used in China's crop production, resulting in nonpoint pollution and significant greenhouse gas emissions. Previous studies show that farmers can reduce N-fertilizer upon receiving knowledge training. However, there is little evidence of the...

China is experiencing a transformation, as vast numbers of rural laborers move toward off-farm employment. In such a transformation, the role of credit is unclear. The overall goal of this study is to examine the impact of access to credit by rural households on employment decision-making by...

Focused on the problem of low viability of Heat Integration (HI) scheme for complex system, a strategy and a method of hierarchical Heat Integration (HHI) were proposed in this paper. The practical limitations and energy target were combined stage by stage to determine the number of hierarchy...

The low temperature coal pyrolysis technology and the atmospheric and vacuum tar distillation were combined to establish a low-rank coal based process system, which can co-produce semicoke, syngas and light oil. And then the simulation models of key units and whole system were also developed. As...

The evolution of indirect reciprocity by images scoring proposed by Nowak and Sigmund is systematically studied with numerical simulations and theoretical analysis. Two different types of evolutionary stable societies, cooperative and defective, can be found in that model. Our study reveals...